Python Day - odules-Meaning and Types,Tasks
Modules:
- Every python file is a module.Files which we save with the extension(.py) all are modules.
- Modules can be reused using import function-It helps to import one module to another module.
Special variables:
Denoted by "__"-Double underscore(in python it is called as dunder) in front and backside of a variable.
Example:1
Input:
print("Hello") print(__name__) print(__file__)
Output:
Hello __main__ /home/guru/Desktop/Guru/Bank.py
In the above example,
---> name is used to find whether we are working in same module or from different module.If we are working in same module then main will be the output which means in same working module we are printing.Incase if we are printing it in another module by importing then the output will be that module name.
--->file is used for locating the module.
Example:2
To prove module is reusable:
Case:1 Both the python modules are in same folder
Input:
calculator.py-module1
def add(no1,no2): print(no1+no2) def subtract(no1,no2): print(no1-no2) def multiply(no1,no2): print(no1*no2) def divide(no1,no2): print(no1/no2)
user.py-module2
import calculator calculator.add(10,3) calculator.multiply(10,3)
So we have imported from calculator.py to user.py and calling a function in module 2.
Output will be
13 30
Case:2 Python modules in different folders
If both modules are in different folders then the output will show modulenotfounderror.
Output:
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'calculator'
If we need specific functions alone from calculator.py means then no need to import whole module,instead we can use "from" to take specific function
from calculator import add, divide add(10,3) divide(10,2)
doc-->Documentation string
This variable is used to know about the particular module,like a description.
For every module ther will be a documentation which will be mentioned in ''' ''' or """ """.
'''It is about special variables''' print(__doc__)
Output:
It is about special variables
help-To see all details about the particular module like functions,file location, including documentation string.
#In user.py module: import calculator print(help(calculator))
Note:vi (module name.py) -is used to open the file in terminal itself instead of opening text editor.And after saving if we reload in text editor changes will be reflecting in it.
Type of modules:
userdefined-Whatever module we create with extension .py is userdefined modules.
predefined modules-Modules which are inbuilt in python.
help('modules') using this we can view all predefined modules in python.
Otp generator: Using random module:
import random otp = random.randint(100000,999999) print(otp)
Output:
263861 696781 802686
Task 1:
- Create a python module called Bank.
- Add functions: deposit(amount), withdraw(amount)
- Create one more python module called Customer
- From customer module, call deposit and withdraw functions of Bank module.
Bank.py:module 1
print("Hello") print(__name__) print(__file__)
customer.py:module 2
Hello __main__ /home/guru/Desktop/Guru/Bank.py
Output will be
def add(no1,no2): print(no1+no2) def subtract(no1,no2): print(no1-no2) def multiply(no1,no2): print(no1*no2) def divide(no1,no2): print(no1/no2)
Task:2
Few important predefined modules:
1) Os module:It is used for interacting with our operating system.
import calculator calculator.add(10,3) calculator.multiply(10,3)
output:
13 30
2) math: Performs mathematical operations.
Ex:Calculate square root
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'calculator'
Output:
from calculator import add, divide add(10,3) divide(10,2)
3) datetime: Manages dates and times.
'''It is about special variables''' print(__doc__)
Output:
It is about special variables
4) sys - System-Specific Parameters and Functions:Provides access to system-specific parameters.
#In user.py module: import calculator print(help(calculator))
output:Displays python version
import random otp = random.randint(100000,999999) print(otp)
5) re - Regular Expressions: Allows for pattern matching in strings.
If any string repeats and need to find that alone we can use re module.
263861 696781 802686
Output:
def deposit(amount): print("Total deposit amount is ",amount) return(amount) def withdraw(amount): print("Total withdrawal amount is ",amount) return(amount)
6) collections - Specialized Data Structures: Provides high-performance container datatypes.
import Bank total_deposit=Bank.deposit(100000) total_withdrawal=Bank.withdraw(20000) print("Bank balance is ",(total_deposit-total_withdrawal))
Output: From the above input output will count the occurances of each data and displays.
Total deposit amount is 100000 Total withdrawal amount is 20000 Bank balance is 80000
7) Django: Used to create web applications.
8) String: provides a collection of constants and functions that make it easier to work with strings.
Ex:#using one of the constants-string.ascii_lowercase
print("Contents:", os.listdir())
output:
Contents: ['user.py', 'Bank.py', '__pycache__', 'calculator.py', 'customer.py', 'hello.py', 'python classes']
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