Why is my Gem Installation Failing with a \'Failed to Build Gem Native Extension\' Error?

Troubleshooting "Failed to Build Gem Native Extension" Errors

When attempting to install gems that require native extensions, users may encounter the error, "Failed to build gem native extension." This issue commonly arises when the proper header files are missing for the Ruby interpreter.

Solution

To resolve this problem, install the Ruby Development Headers, also known as ruby-devel. These headers provide the necessary files allowing the gem to interact with your Ruby interpreter.

For Fedora:

yum -y install ruby-devel

For Debian and Ubuntu:

sudo apt-get install ruby-dev

For Ubuntu (Modern Ruby Versions):

sudo apt-get install rubyNUMBER-dev

Example:

sudo apt-get install ruby2.2-dev  (for Ruby 2.2)

After installing the Ruby Development Headers, retry the gem installation command. For example, to install the mysql gem:

gem install -y mysql -- --with-mysql-config=/usr/bin/mysql_config

This should resolve the "Failed to Build Gem Native Extension" error and allow you to successfully install the gem.

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