How Can I Achieve Smooth Animations with Multiple CSS Custom Properties?

Using CSS Custom Properties for Smooth Animation

When trying to animate multiple elements simultaneously with custom CSS properties, users often encounter issues with abrupt property changes instead of smooth transitions. This article delves into a solution to achieve the desired animation effects.

Rather than relying on variables, which do not interpolate values in animations, a more effective approach is to utilize CSS properties defined using @property. This method allows for explicit declaration of property types, enabling the browser to accurately interpret and animate properties like --opacity as numbers.

Example Implementation

To demonstrate this technique, consider the following code:

@property --opacity {
  syntax: '<number>'; /* Declaring type as 'number' for transition */
  initial-value: 0;
  inherits: false;
}

@keyframes fadeIn {
  50% { --opacity: 1 }
}

html {
  animation: 2s fadeIn infinite;
  background: rgba(0 0 0 / var(--opacity));
}

In this example, the --opacity custom property is defined as an @property with type 'number'. This allows the browser to recognize --opacity as a numerical value and interpolate it smoothly during animations. The fadeIn keyframe animation then gradually increases --opacity from 0 to 1 at the 50% mark, resulting in a smooth fade-in effect for the html element's background color.

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