How to Prevent Exhausted Connection Pools in Java-JSF Applications Using JDBC and MySQL?

JDBC MySql Connection Pooling Practices to Avoid Exhausted Connection Pool

In Java web applications, connection pooling is used to efficiently manage database connections and prevent excessive resource consumption. However, if not implemented correctly, connection leaks can lead to an exhausted connection pool and application failures.

Let's consider a common scenario where a Java-JSF web application is using a connection pool. To obtain connections, the application creates an application-scoped bean that utilizes a DataSource:

public class DatabaseBean {

    private DataSource myDataSource;
}

This bean provides connections to other beans that need to interact with the database:

public Connection getConnection() {
    Connection connection = myDataSource.getConnection();
    return connection;
}

While this approach ensures that connections are obtained from a pool, it introduces a potential issue if connections are not properly closed. When a connection is acquired, it is removed from the pool and is marked as "in use." If the connection is not closed, it will remain in use indefinitely, preventing other parts of the application from accessing the database.

Consequently, as navigation occurs through the application, the connection pool becomes exhausted, and any subsequent attempts to access the database will fail. To avoid this issue, it is crucial to ensure that all connections are closed explicitly in a try-with-resources block or a try-finally block.

public void create(Entity entity) throws SQLException {
    try (
        Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
        PreparedStatement statement = connection.prepareStatement(SQL_CREATE);
    ) { 
        // ...
    }
}

public void create(Entity entity) throws SQLException {
    Connection connection = null;
    PreparedStatement statement = null;
    try { 
        // ...
    } finally {
        if (statement != null) statement.close();
        if (connection != null) connection.close();
    }
}

By properly closing connections, the application ensures that they are returned to the pool and become available for reuse. This practice is essential to maintain the integrity and efficiency of the connection pool.

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