How to Reliably Initialize a MySQL Database Schema within a Docker Container?

How to Initialize a MySQL Database with Schema in a Docker Container

Initializing a MySQL database with a schema within a Docker container is a common task that involves creating a database and loading a schema into it. One approach to do this is by using a Dockerfile and the CMD command to execute a script that initializes the database. However, this method may encounter difficulties, as the CMD command can only execute a single command and not a series of commands.

To overcome this issue, a more reliable approach is to utilize the ADD command to add the database schema file to the /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d directory. Upon container creation, the docker-entrypoint.sh script automatically runs any SQL scripts located in this directory against the MySQL database.

Modified Dockerfile:

FROM mysql:5.7.15

MAINTAINER me

ENV MYSQL_DATABASE=<schema_name> \
    MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=<password>

ADD schema.sql /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d

EXPOSE 3306

Preparing the Schema Dump:

Before you begin, ensure you have a dump of your MySQL schema saved in a file named schema.sql. This can be obtained by using the mysqldump command:

mysqldump -h <your_mysql_host> -u <user_name> -p --no-data <schema_name> > schema.sql

Starting the Docker MySQL Instance:

Once the Dockerfile is modified and the schema dump is prepared, you can start the Docker MySQL instance using Docker Compose:

docker-compose build
docker-compose up

By following these steps, you can effectively initialize a MySQL database with a schema within a Docker container. The docker-entrypoint-initdb.d directory ensures that the schema is loaded during container creation, allowing you to have a pre-populated database with the desired schema.

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