How to Convert Float64 to a Fixed-Width String with Maximum Significant Digits in Go?

Converting Float64 to String with Fixed Width and Maximum Significant Digits

When presenting floating-point numbers in fixed-width tables, concerns arise regarding the preservation of significant digits. The standard fmt.Printf function offers limited control over this aspect.

Solution: Custom Formatting

To address this issue, we can implement a custom formatting function that determines the optimal number of significant digits to fit within a specified width. This involves analyzing the number in question and choosing between scientific notation and regular form based on its magnitude.

Implementation:

// format12 formats x to be 12 chars long.
func format12(x float64) string {
    if x >= 1e12 {
        // For scientific notation, determine the width of the exponent.
        s := fmt.Sprintf("%.g", x)
        format := fmt.Sprintf("%%12.%dg", 12-len(s))
        return fmt.Sprintf(format, x)
    }

    // For regular form, determine the width of the fraction.
    s := fmt.Sprintf("%.0f", x)
    if len(s) == 12 {
        return s
    }
    format := fmt.Sprintf("%%%d.%df", len(s), 12-len(s)-1)
    return fmt.Sprintf(format, x)
}

Testing:

fs := []float64{0, 1234.567890123, 0.1234567890123, 123456789012.0, 1234567890123.0,
    9.405090880450127e+9, 9.405090880450127e+19, 9.405090880450127e+119}

for _, f := range fs {
    fmt.Println(format12(f))
}

Output:

0.0000000000
0.1234567890
1234.5678901
123456789012
1.234568e+12
9405090880.5
9.405091e+19
9.40509e+119

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