Laravel Migration Error: How to Fix 'Unique Key Length Exceeds Limit'?

Laravel Migration Error: Unique Key Length Exceeds Limit

When attempting to migrate a users table in Laravel using a migration, developers may encounter the error: "[SQLSTATE[42000]: Syntax error or access violation: 1071 Specified key was too long; max key length is 767 bytes." This error typically arises when the specified unique key is longer than the maximum allowable length.

Problem Statement

The provided migration attempts to create a users table with a unique key on the email column. However, the email column is specified to have a length of 320 characters, exceeding the maximum length limit.

Solution

1. Reduce Email Column Length

Reduce the length of the email column to a smaller value, such as 250 or the default of 191 characters. Adjust the migration as follows:

Schema::create('users', function(Blueprint $table)
{
    // ...

    $table->string('email', 250); // Update the email column length

    // ...
});

2. Set Default String Length (Laravel 5.4 )

If you're using Laravel 5.4 or higher, you can set a default string length in the boot method of the AppServiceProvider.php file:

public function boot()
{
    Builder::defaultStringLength(191);
}

This will set a default length of 191 characters for all string columns created in migrations, ensuring that unique keys do not exceed the allowable length.

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