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Next.js: The Definitive Guide to the Most Popular React Framework

Mary-Kate Olsen

Dec 07, 2024 am 08:27 AM

Next.js: La Guía Definitiva del Framework React más Popular

Next.js has become the most popular React framework for building modern web applications. With its focus on server-side rendering (SSR), static generation, and an excellent development experience, Next.js offers everything you need to build high-performance, scalable web applications.

Why Next.js?

Main Features

Hybrid Rendering
- Server-Side Rendering (SSR)
- Static Site Generation (SSG)
- Client-Side Rendering (CSR)
- Incremental Static Regeneration (ISR)
Automatic Optimizations
- Image Optimization
- Font optimization
- Script optimization
- Zero config
Developer Experience
- Fast Refresh
- TypeScript Support
- File-system routing
- API Routes

First Steps

Creating a Project

npx create-next-app@latest mi-proyecto
cd mi-proyecto
npm run dev

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Project Structure

├── app/
│   ├── layout.tsx
│   ├── page.tsx
│   └── globals.css
├── public/
│   └── images/
├── components/
│   └── ui/
├── lib/
├── next.config.js
└── package.json

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Routing in Next.js 14

Basic Pages

// app/page.tsx
export default function Home() {
  return (
    <main>
      <h1>Bienvenidos a Next.js</h1>
    </main>
  );
}

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Dynamic Routes

// app/blog/[slug]/page.tsx
export default function BlogPost({ params }: { params: { slug: string } }) {
  return (
    <article>
      <h1>Post: {params.slug}</h1>
    </article>
  );
}

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Shared Layout

// app/layout.tsx
import { Inter } from 'next/font/google';
const inter = Inter({ subsets: ['latin'] });

export default function RootLayout({
  children,
}: {
  children: React.ReactNode;
}) {
  return (
    <html lang="en">
      <body className={inter.className}>
        <nav>
          {/* Navegación común */}
        </nav>
        {children}
      </body>
    </html>
  );
}

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Data Fetching

Server Components

// app/posts/page.tsx
async function getPosts() {
  const res = await fetch('https://api.ejemplo.com/posts', {
    next: { revalidate: 3600 } // Revalidar cada hora
  });
  return res.json();
}

export default async function Posts() {
  const posts = await getPosts();

  return (
    <div>
      {posts.map(post => (
        <article key={post.id}>
          <h2>{post.title}</h2>
          <p>{post.excerpt}</p>
        </article>
      ))}
    </div>
  );
}

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Static Generation

// app/posts/[id]/page.tsx
export async function generateStaticParams() {
  const posts = await getPosts();

  return posts.map((post) => ({
    id: post.id.toString(),
  }));
}

export default async function Post({ params }: { params: { id: string } }) {
  const post = await getPost(params.id);

  return (
    <article>
      <h1>{post.title}</h1>
      <div>{post.content}</div>
    </article>
  );
}

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API Routes

// app/api/posts/route.ts
import { NextResponse } from 'next/server';

export async function GET() {
  try {
    const posts = await getPosts();
    return NextResponse.json(posts);
  } catch (error) {
    return NextResponse.json(
      { error: 'Error al obtener posts' },
      { status: 500 }
    );
  }
}

export async function POST(request: Request) {
  try {
    const data = await request.json();
    const newPost = await createPost(data);
    return NextResponse.json(newPost, { status: 201 });
  } catch (error) {
    return NextResponse.json(
      { error: 'Error al crear post' },
      { status: 500 }
    );
  }
}

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Optimizations

Images

import Image from 'next/image';

export default function Profile() {
  return (
    <Image
      src="/perfil.jpg"
      alt="Foto de perfil"
      width={500}
      height={300}
      priority
    />
  );
}

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Fonts

import { Roboto } from 'next/font/google';

const roboto = Roboto({
  weight: ['400', '700'],
  subsets: ['latin'],
  display: 'swap',
});

export default function Layout({ children }) {
  return (
    <div className={roboto.className}>
      {children}
    </div>
  );
}

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State Management

Client Components

'use client';

import { useState } from 'react';

export default function Counter() {
  const [count, setCount] = useState(0);

  return (
    <div>
      <p>Contador: {count}</p>
      <button onClick={() => setCount(count + 1)}>
        Incrementar
      </button>
    </div>
  );
}

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Stylization

CSS Modules

// components/Button.tsx
import styles from './Button.module.css';

export default function Button({ children }) {
  return (
    <button className={styles.button}>
      {children}
    </button>
  );
}

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Tailwind CSS

export default function Card({ title, content }) {
  return (
    <div className="p-6 max-w-sm mx-auto bg-white rounded-xl shadow-lg flex items-center space-x-4">
      <div>
        <div className="text-xl font-medium text-black">{title}</div>
        <p className="text-gray-500">{content}</p>
      </div>
    </div>
  );
}

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Middleware

// middleware.ts
import { NextResponse } from 'next/server';
import type { NextRequest } from 'next/server';

export function middleware(request: NextRequest) {
  // Verificar autenticación
  const token = request.cookies.get('token');

  if (!token) {
    return NextResponse.redirect(new URL('/login', request.url));
  }

  return NextResponse.next();
}

export const config = {
  matcher: '/dashboard/:path*',
};

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Testing

// __tests__/Home.test.tsx
import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
import Home from '@/app/page';

describe('Home', () => {
  it('renders a heading', () => {
    render(<Home />);
    const heading = screen.getByRole('heading', { level: 1 });
    expect(heading).toBeInTheDocument();
  });
});

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Deployment

Production Configuration

// next.config.js
/** @type {import('next').NextConfig} */
const nextConfig = {
  images: {
    domains: ['tu-dominio.com'],
  },
  async redirects() {
    return [
      {
        source: '/old-page',
        destination: '/new-page',
        permanent: true,
      },
    ];
  },
};

module.exports = nextConfig;

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Best Practices

Code Organization

   app/
   ├── (auth)/
   │   ├── login/
   │   └── register/
   ├── (dashboard)/
   │   ├── profile/
   │   └── settings/
   └── (marketing)/
       ├── about/
       └── contact/

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Handling Error

   // app/error.tsx
   'use client';

   export default function Error({
     error,
     reset,
   }: {
     error: Error & { digest?: string };
     reset: () => void;
   }) {
     return (
       <div>
         <h2>¡Algo salió mal!</h2>
         <button onClick={() => reset()}>Intentar de nuevo</button>
       </div>
     );
   }

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Loading States

   // app/loading.tsx
   export default function Loading() {
     return (
       <div className="flex items-center justify-center">
         <div className="animate-spin rounded-full h-32 w-32 border-b-2 border-gray-900" />
       </div>
     );
   }

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Conclusion

Next.js 14 offers:

Exceptional performance
Excellent DX (Developer Experience)
Scalability
Rendering flexibility
Seamless integration with React

It is the ideal choice for:

Business web applications
E-commerce sites
SaaS Applications
Dynamic content sites

Additional Resources

Official Documentation
Next.js Examples
Learn Next.js
Vercel Blog

Are you using Next.js in your projects? What features do you find most useful? Share your experience in the comments! ?

nextjs #react #webdev #javascript

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