How Can I Format Output Using the C Output Operator (`
Dec 07, 2024 am 09:18 AMFormatting Output Using the Output Operator (<<)
You seek a method to format output using the output operator (<<) in C . While you could utilize printf, you favor the use of the output operator.
Solution
The following code effectively formats output using the output operator:
#include <iostream> #include <iomanip> using namespace std; int main() { int zipCode = 12345; cout << setw(5) << setfill('0') << zipCode << endl; return 0; }</h2> <p>This code utilizes IO manipulators to control padding:</p> <ul> <li>setw(width) sets the field width to five.</li> <li>setfill(fillchar) sets the fill character to '0'.</li> </ul> <p>This results in the ZIP code being formatted with leading zeros: 012345.</p> <h2 id="Alternative-Approaches">Alternative Approaches</h2> <p>If you prefer a more concise approach, you can use the fmt library:</p> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">cout << fmt::format("{:05d}", zipCode);
In C 20 and later, the std::format functionality is available:
cout << std::format("{:05d}", zipCode);
Considerations
Note that these IO manipulators affect the global state of cout. Subsequent usages of cout will be impacted unless the manipulations are explicitly undone.
For negative numbers, use std::internal to place the fill character between the sign and the magnitude:
cout << internal << setw(5) << setfill('0') << zipCode << endl;
You can safely assume that all ZIP codes are non-negative, but this is an assumption nonetheless.
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