How to Create a Fixed Header and Column in a Table Using Only CSS?

Fixed Header and Column in a Table Using Pure CSS

Creating a table with a fixed header and a fixed first column using pure CSS can be achieved using the position: sticky property. This approach is more efficient and cross-browser compatible than solutions relying on JavaScript or jQuery.

Solution:

1. Wrap the table in a container:

   `<div>

   </div>`

2. Enable scrolling on the container:

   `div.container {
   overflow: scroll;
   }`

3. Sticky the table header:

   `thead th {
   position: -webkit-sticky; / for Safari /
   position: sticky;
   top: 0;
   }`

4. Sticky the first column:

   `tbody th {
   position: -webkit-sticky; / for Safari /
   position: sticky;
   left: 0;
   }`

5. Optional: Sticky the header of the first column to the top left:

   `thead th:first-child {
   left: 0;
   z-index: 2;
   }`

Additional Notes:

• For optimal performance, the container should have a maximum width and height set.
• If the first column contains <td> elements instead of <th>, use tbody td:first-child in CSS instead of tbody th.
• To style the header and first column further, adjust the CSS properties as needed.

Example:

<div class="container">
  <table border="1">
    <thead>
      <tr>
        <th>#</th>
        <th>Name</th>
        <th>Email</th>
        <th>Phone</th>
      </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <th>1</th>
        <td>John Doe</td>
        <td>john@example.com</td>
        <td>(555) 123-4567</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th>2</th>
        <td>Jane Smith</td>
        <td>jane@example.com</td>
        <td>(555) 234-5678</td>
      </tr>
      <!-- More rows... -->
    </tbody>
  </table>
</div>

div.container {
  max-width: 500px;
  max-height: 300px;
  overflow: scroll;
}

thead th {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
}

tbody th {
  position: sticky;
  left: 0;
}

thead th:first-child {
  left: 0;
  z-index: 2;
}

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