Shallow copies, such as those created using list(), maintain references to the original objects. This means that modifications made to shallow copies will also affect the original list.
To perform a deep copy, which creates new copies of all nested objects, you should use copy.deepcopy():
import copy b = copy.deepcopy(a)
In contrast to shallow copies, deep copies do not reference the original objects. Therefore, changes made to deep copies do not affect the original list:
a[0][1] = 9 b # does not change -> Deep Copy
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