How Can I Display Unicode Characters Correctly in the Windows Command Prompt Using C ?

Output Unicode to Console Using C in Windows: A Comprehensive Guide

Understanding the Default Behavior

In the provided C code, characters like ĐĄßĞĝ are not displayed correctly because Windows Command Prompt (cmd) by default does not handle Unicode outputs. This results in the strange characters being displayed instead.

Wide Character Streams: std::wcout

To display Unicode characters, it's recommended to use the standard wide-characters output stream, std::wcout. Wide character streams use 16-bit Unicode characters, allowing for a broader range of characters to be displayed.

Configuring the Console for Unicode Output

Even with std::wcout, the Unicode output may not be displayed correctly by default. To address this, you can manually configure the console for Unicode output.

1. Using /u argument when starting cmd: This starts a Unicode-enabled console.
2. Calling chcp 65001: This changes the output format to UTF-8, which supports Unicode characters.
3. Setting a Unicode font in the console: Windows has built-in Unicode fonts such as Lucida Console Unicode.

fcntl.h and _setmode() Approach

_setmode(_fileno(stdout), _O_U16TEXT); is another method to enable Unicode output. However, this approach requires the inclusion of fcntl.h and io.h.

Conclusion

By using wide character streams (std::wcout) and configuring the console for Unicode output, you can successfully display Unicode characters, such as ĐĄßĞĝ, in the Windows Command Prompt. These methods provide a robust solution for outputting Unicode characters in C applications.

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