Why Am I Getting 'SQLSTATE[HY093]: Invalid parameter number' in My Prepared Multiple INSERT Query?

Error Resolving "SQLSTATE[HY093]: Invalid parameter number" in Prepared Multiple Insert Query

When attempting to execute a multiple insert query, an error stating "SQLSTATE[HY093]: Invalid parameter number: parameter was not defined" may occur. Despite having matching counts for the parameter array and the input data elements, this error persists.

Understanding the Error

This error arises due to a mismatch between the number of elements in the parameter array ($values) and the input data ($matches). When executing a prepared statement, the query expects a specific number of parameters, and any discrepancy will result in this error.

Resolving the Issue

To resolve this issue, ensure that $values is initialized before entering the loop that generates the parameters. This prevents any preexisting values from affecting the count. Additionally, verifying the existence of a unique index on the "hash" column in the database will further prevent potential conflicts.

Revised Code

Here is the revised code, incorporating these revisions:

$matches = array('1');
$count = count($matches);
$values = [];
for ($i = 0; $i < $count; ++$i) {
    $values[] = '(?)';
}

// INSERT INTO DATABASE
$sql = "INSERT INTO hashes (hash) VALUES " . implode(', ', $values) . " ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE hash=values(hash)";
$stmt = $dbh->prepare($sql);
$data = $stmt->execute($matches);

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