Why Are My Spring Security Role-Based Authorizations Failing?

Fixing Role Authorization in Spring Security

Spring Security offers robust authorization mechanisms, but incorrect configurations can lead to security vulnerabilities. This article addresses a common issue where users with limited roles can access resources reserved for administrators.

The provided code snippet configures Spring Security using both in-memory authentication and JDBC authentication. While the issue is attributed to the select username, password, 1 from users where username=? query, the actual culprit lies elsewhere.

The problem stems from the ordering of matchers in the authorizeRequests() method. Spring Security evaluates matchers in sequence, and the first match determines the authorization decision. In this case, the following matcher:

.anyRequest().authenticated()

is placed before the role-based matcher:

.antMatchers("/users/all").hasRole("admin")

As a result, all requests are authorized as long as the user is authenticated, regardless of their role. To resolve this, reorder the matchers so that the role-based matcher takes precedence:

protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
    http
        .csrf().disable()
        .httpBasic()
        .and()
        .authorizeRequests()
            .antMatchers("/users/all").hasRole("admin")
            .anyRequest().authenticated()
            .and()
        .formLogin()
        .and()
        .exceptionHandling().accessDeniedPage("/403");
}

With this revised configuration, users with only the "user" role will be denied access to "/users/all" while users with the "admin" role will have access.

It's important to remember the order of matchers when configuring Spring Security authorization to ensure that the intended security policies are enforced.

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