How to Initialize a MySQL Database with a Predefined Schema in a Docker Container?

Initializing a MySQL Database with Schema in Docker

Issue

Docker users encounter difficulties initializing a MySQL database with a predefined schema using a Dockerfile. Despite following documentation guidelines, the CMD command intended to run the schema script fails, preventing a successful container creation.

Solution

The solution involves a sequential approach:

1. Dump MySQL Schema to File:
   Export the database schema to a file using the mysqldump command.
2. ADD Schema File to Docker Container:
   In the Dockerfile, use the ADD command to copy the schema.sql file to the /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d directory. This directory allows for automatic execution of scripts on database initialization.
3. Start Docker MySQL Instance:
   Initiate the Docker container using the specified MySQL image and the updated Dockerfile.

Example Dockerfile:

FROM mysql:5.7.15

MAINTAINER me

ENV MYSQL_DATABASE=<schema_name> \
    MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=<password>

ADD schema.sql /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d

EXPOSE 3306

Additional Notes:

• The docker-entrypoint.sh script will automatically execute all files with a ".sql" extension in the /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d directory.
• This method allows for initializing a MySQL database with a schema upon container creation, eliminating the need for manual intervention.

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