How Can I Use Environment Variables to Configure My Spring Boot Application?

Using Environment Variables in Spring Boot's Application.properties

Spring Boot enables dynamic configuration management, allowing developers to define application settings based on their environment. In scenarios where an application runs in different environments (e.g., local, Jenkins, OpenShift), it becomes crucial to avoid hardcoding sensitive information like database credentials.

One approach to tackle this issue is to leverage environment variables and access them in application.properties. Environment variables provide a mechanism to set system-wide variables that can be accessed by your application.

To utilize environment variables in application.properties, simply declare them in your system configuration (e.g., using export in the terminal) with the appropriate values. Ensure that these variables match the names used in application.properties.

Example:

export OPENSHIFT_MYSQL_DB_HOST="jdbc:mysql://localhost"
export OPENSHIFT_MYSQL_DB_PORT="3306"
export OPENSHIFT_MYSQL_DB_USERNAME="root"
export OPENSHIFT_MYSQL_DB_PASSWORD="123asd"

Once these environment variables are set, you can access them in application.properties as follows:

spring.datasource.url = ${OPENSHIFT_MYSQL_DB_HOST}:${OPENSHIFT_MYSQL_DB_PORT}/"nameofDB"
spring.datasource.username = ${OPENSHIFT_MYSQL_DB_USERNAME}
spring.datasource.password = ${OPENSHIFT_MYSQL_DB_PASSWORD}

Note that it is important to set the environment variables before starting your Spring Boot application.

Alternatively, you can use Spring profiles to dynamically select the appropriate property file based on the active profile. By setting the spring.profiles.active environment variable, Spring will automatically load the corresponding property file (e.g., application-{profile-name}.properties).

By integrating environment variables or Spring profiles into your configuration, you can achieve a more flexible and environment-aware application that adapts to specific deployment scenarios without the need for code changes.

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