How to Create a Simple C Makefile for a Single-File Project with External Dependencies?

How to Make a SIMPLE C Makefile

This guide provides a simple approach to creating a Makefile for a C project with minimal dependencies.

Problem:

You need to create a Makefile for a project with a single file, a3driver.cpp, which imports a class from "/user/cse232/Examples/example32.sequence.cpp". The goal is to generate an executable named a3a.exe.

Solution:

1. Create a Makefile:

Create a file named Makefile in the project directory.

2. Define Variables:

Start by defining variables that will be used throughout the Makefile:

CC = g++
CFLAGS = -g
LDFLAGS = -g
LDLIBS = -lstdc++ -lm

• CC: The C compiler.
• CFLAGS: Compilation flags for C source files.
• LDFLAGS: Linking flags.
• LDLIBS: Libraries required for linking.

3. Specify Targets:

Next, define targets for the project:

all: a3a.exe
a3a.exe: a3driver.o example32.sequence.o
a3driver.o: a3driver.cpp
example32.sequence.o: example32.sequence.cpp

• all is the default target that will build the executable.
• a3a.exe is the executable target.

4. Define Dependencies:

Define the dependencies for each target:

• a3a.exe depends on a3driver.o and example32.sequence.o.
• a3driver.o depends on a3driver.cpp.
• example32.sequence.o depends on example32.sequence.cpp.

5. Define Rules:

Specify the commands that will be executed for each target and its dependencies:

a3driver.o:
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c a3driver.cpp

example32.sequence.o:
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c example32.sequence.cpp

a3a.exe: a3driver.o example32.sequence.o
    $(CC) $(LDFLAGS) -o a3a.exe a3driver.o example32.sequence.o $(LDLIBS)

• These rules compile the source files and link them to create the executable.

6. Define Clean Target (Optional):

You may also define a clean target to remove all build artifacts:

clean:
    rm -f a3driver.o example32.sequence.o a3a.exe

7. Run the Makefile:

To build the project, run make from the command line. This will create the a3a.exe executable.

Note:

Since Unix-based systems do not use file extensions for executables, the a3a.exe target does not have an extension in the Makefile.

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