How Can I Correctly Print Unicode Characters in C ?

Printing Unicode Characters in C

When attempting to print a character with a Unicode value, such as Cyrillic Small Letter Ef (U 0444), the following code may not work as expected:

int main() {
   wchar_t f = '1060';
   cout << f << endl;
}

Solution:

To print Unicode characters correctly, there are several methods:

• Universal Character Names (UCNs):

  • The character 'ф' can be represented as 'u0444' or 'U00000444'.

• Literal Characters (if supported by source encoding):

  • If the source code encoding supports the character, it can be written directly as 'ф'.

For terminal printing, the following code assumes compatibility between the execution encoding and the terminal emulator:

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    std::cout << "Hello, ф or \u0444!\n";
}

For Windows, setting the output file handle to UTF-16 mode is recommended:

#include <iostream>
#include <io.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

int main() {
    _setmode(_fileno(stdout), _O_U16TEXT);
    std::wcout << L"Hello, \u0444!\n";
}

For portable code, the following technique can be used:

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

int main() {
    std::vector<wchar_t> v = {0x444};
    std::wcout.write((const wchar_t*)&v[0], 1);
}

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