Why Does `int()` Raise a `ValueError: Invalid Input for Integer Conversion`?

ValueError: Invalid Input for Integer Conversion

When attempting to convert a string into an integer using the int() function, a ValueError may be raised with the message "invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''. This error signifies that the provided string lacks a valid representation of an integer.

Causes and Resolution:

This error typically occurs when the input string contains non-numeric characters, such as empty strings (''), letters, or symbols. To resolve it, ensure that the string contains a numeric value before attempting conversion.

For example, if you encounter the error with an empty string, provide a valid number as input:

>>> int('123') # Integer string - no error
>>> int('') # Empty string - error

If the input contains decimals, convert it to a float first, then convert to an integer:

>>> float_var = '55063.000000'
>>> int_var = int(float(float_var)) # Convert to float, then integer

Additionally, verify that the input string does not contain invalid characters like spaces, commas, or currency symbols. Strip or replace these characters before attempting conversion.

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