How Can I Properly Manage Character Sets in PDO Connections?

PDO Character Set Management

In this query, the question arises about handling character sets in PHP Data Objects (PDO) connections. The original MySQLi code used mysql_set_charset() and mysql_query() to set the character set to UTF-8.

With PDO, the character set can be specified in the connection string:

$dsn = "mysql:host=$host;dbname=$db;charset=utf8mb4";
$connect = new PDO($dsn, $user, $pass);

However, before PHP 5.3.6, the charset option was ignored. In this case, you must set the character set manually:

$dbh = new PDO("mysql:host=$host;dbname=$db", $user, $password);
$dbh->exec("set names utf8mb4");

Conclusion:

PDO allows you to specify the character set in the connection string or manually set it after establishing a connection. By managing character sets, you ensure that data is encoded and decoded correctly to avoid character corruption.

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