How to Properly Store Arabic Text in a MySQL Database?

How to Save Arabic Data in MySQL Database

A common issue encountered when storing Arabic data in a MySQL database is the appearance of "???" marks instead of Arabic text. To rectify this, a series of steps must be taken.

Check Character Set and Collation

Ensure that the database, table, and columns are using the UTF-8 character set. Use the following queries to verify:

-- Database
SELECT default_character_set_name FROM information_schema.SCHEMATA S WHERE schema_name = "your_database_name";
-- Table
SELECT CCSA.character_set_name FROM information_schema.`TABLES` T, information_schema.`COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY` CCSA WHERE CCSA.collation_name = T.table_collation AND T.table_schema = "your_database_name" AND T.table_name = "your_table_name";
-- Column
SELECT character_set_name FROM information_schema.`COLUMNS` C WHERE table_schema = "your_database_name" AND table_name = "your_table_name" AND column_name = "your_column_name";

Set UTF-8 for Database, Table, and Column

If any component is not set to UTF-8, follow these steps:

1. For Database: Run ALTER DATABASE your_database_name CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci;
2. For Table: Run ALTER TABLE your_table_name CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
3. For Column: Run ALTER TABLE your_table_name MODIFY your_column_name VARCHAR(255) CHARACTER SET utf8;

Manually Insert Arabic Data

After setting UTF-8, insert Arabic data directly into the MySQL client using Arabic key sequences. For example, to insert the Arabic text "كتگوری" into the category_name column, use the following query:

INSERT INTO `categories` (`category_name`) VALUES ('كتگوری');

Additional Tips

• Use the SQLYog tool to set UTF-8 for tables if available.
• Check the character encoding of the Arabic text, as it may be different from the default encoding on your system.

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