How Can I Properly Access Bundled Data Files in a PyInstaller --onefile Executable?

Bundling Data Files with PyInstaller (--onefile)

Bundling data files within a single executable file (--onefile) can be a practical solution for application deployment. However, encountering issues when using this option can be frustrating. In this guide, we will address a common problem where external files like images and icons fail to load properly despite being included in the .spec file.

Problem Overview

The questioner was unable to bundle an image and an icon into their PyInstaller executable using the --onefile option. While the application worked correctly with --onedir, using --onefile resulted in the external files not being located. This issue persisted even though the files were present in the temporary directory created during the executable execution.

Solution

In older versions of PyInstaller, an environment variable was set to point to the location of the bundled files. However, in newer versions, this behavior has changed. Instead, the path is now set as sys._MEIPASS.

To resolve this issue, update your code to use sys._MEIPASS to access the bundled files:

import sys

def resource_path(relative_path):
    """ Get absolute path to resource, works for dev and for PyInstaller """
    try:
        # PyInstaller creates a temp folder and stores path in _MEIPASS
        base_path = sys._MEIPASS
    except Exception:
        base_path = os.path.abspath(".")

    return os.path.join(base_path, relative_path)

By using this updated approach, you can reliably access bundled files within your PyInstaller executable, even when using the --onefile option.

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