Why Are My Persian Characters Garbled After a Database Conversion?

Strange Character Encoding Quandary: Stored Data Loss in Database Conversion

Question:

In an effort to revamp an existing website, a developer encounters an enigmatic character encoding issue. The original script displays Persian characters correctly, using the TUBADBENGINE database engine, while the revamped script shows the same data in an indecipherable format. What could be the underlying cause of this discrepancies?

Answer:

The disparity stems from the database connection configuration not being set to the appropriate character encoding.

The Problem:

1. PHP stores the Persian string as UTF-8 bytes.
2. The database connection transmits those bytes assuming Latin1 encoding, which they are not.
3. The database interprets the bytes in Latin1, storing the incorrect characters.
4. When the revamped script retrieves the data, PHP expects UTF-8 encoding and interprets the bytes incorrectly.

Solution:

To resolve this issue, the database connection must be set to the correct character encoding. This conversion corrects the stored characters and ensures that the revamped script displays the data properly.

Additionally, the following query can be used to convert the affected data in the database:

SELECT CONVERT(BINARY CONVERT(field_name USING latin1) USING utf8) FROM table_name

Once the conversion has been successfully completed, it can be made permanent by updating the affected table with the converted data.

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