Single-row vs. Multi-row INSERTs in MySQL: Which is Faster?

The Speed Comparison of Single-row INSERTs vs. Multi-row INSERTs

When aiming for database insertion optimization, a crucial question arises: whether to employ multiple single-row INSERT statements or opt for a single multi-row INSERT. To determine the optimal approach, let's delve into the performance analysis and consider the relevant MySQL documentation.

Performance Analysis

According to MySQL documentation (https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/insert-optimization.html), the time required for inserting a row is primarily influenced by the following factors, with their approximate proportions indicated in parentheses:

1. Connecting: (3)
2. Sending query to server: (2)
3. Parsing query: (2)
4. Inserting row: (1 x size of row)
5. Inserting indexes: (1 x number of indexes)
6. Closing: (1)

Multi-row INSERT vs. Single-row INSERT

By analyzing these factors, it becomes evident that using a single large multi-row INSERT statement can significantly reduce overhead compared to using multiple single-row INSERTs. For each single-row INSERT, an overhead of 7 (sum of steps 1-3, 6) is incurred.

Therefore, the MySQL documentation explicitly recommends using INSERT statements with multiple VALUES lists for inserting multiple rows at once, particularly in cases where numerous rows are inserted simultaneously from the same client. This approach is "considerably faster" and can provide substantial performance benefits.

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