What is a TypeError?

A TypeError is an error that occurs when Python encounters a problem with the types of values in your code. "Types" refer to the categories that Python uses to classify different kinds of data, such as integers, strings, lists, and functions.

Understanding TypeErrors

Function Arguments and Types

Some TypeErrors relate to passing the wrong number of arguments to a function or using arguments of the incorrect type. For instance, a function might expect one argument of type "int," but if you pass it a string instead, you would get a TypeError.

TypeError: func() takes 0 positional arguments but 1 was given

TypeError: func() takes 1 argument but 3 were given

Operator Mismatches

TypeErrors can also arise when you perform certain operations on values of incompatible types. For example, you can't add an integer to a string:

TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for : 'int' and 'str'

Built-in Function Arguments

Built-in Python functions expect specific types of arguments. If you pass the wrong type, you may get a TypeError. For instance:

TypeError: int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a number, not 'list'

TypeError: bad operand type for abs(): 'str'

Object Methods and Type Mismatches

TypeErrors can occur when you try to use methods of an object on a different type of object. For example, the .to_bytes() method is not applicable to strings:

TypeError: descriptor 'to_bytes' for 'int' objects doesn't apply to a 'str' object

Non-iterable and Non-subscriptable Objects

Python objects that cannot be iterated over or accessed using subscripts (such as lists) may raise TypeErrors if you attempt such operations. For example:

TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable

TypeError: 'int' object is not subscriptable

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