How Can I Guarantee Initialization Order for Static Variables in C ?

Decoding C Static Initialization Order Conundrum

Within the realm of C , static variables offer a convenient method for initializing instances at compile time. However, when attempting to create interdependencies between these instances, the issue of initialization order arises. Unlike within a single compilation unit where declaration order determines initialization sequence, specifying the order across separate compilation units becomes a challenge.

Puzzling Inconsistency and Elusive Solutions

Attempts to resolve this order inconsistency have been extensive, including the acclaimed Schwarz Counter solution. Yet, the elusive nature of a reliable solution persists. This has led to the disheartening realization that a definitive solution may not exist.

Cunning Trick of the Static Function Member

One technique that has proven effective is the ingenious use of a static function member:

Type& globalObject()
{
    static Type theOneAndOnlyInstance;
    return theOneAndOnlyInstance;
}

While this approach fulfills the need for ordered initialization, it introduces an inconvenience in client code: instead of the familiar "globalObject.MemberFunction()", the more cumbersome "globalObject().MemberFunction()" syntax becomes necessary.

Resigning to the Inevitable

In the end, it appears that the inherent ambiguity of static initialization order is an unavoidable aspect of C . Consequently, the most pragmatic solution lies in wrapping the initialization within a function, thereby sidestepping the issue altogether.

Wisdom from C Experts

Further insight into this topic can be gained by delving into the C FAQ, specifically the items beginning from https://isocpp.org/wiki/faq/ctors#static-init-order. These resources provide valuable guidance in navigating the complexities of static initialization in C .

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