How Can I Gracefully Terminate Multiple Goroutines in Go?

Coordinating the Termination of Multiple Goroutines

When working with multiple goroutines in Golang, it's often necessary to synchronize their execution such that they terminate together. One common approach is to utilize a channel to signal completion. However, this method can lead to a "write to closed channel" panic if the goroutines do not terminate in the expected order.

Employing Contexts for Goroutine Coordination

A better solution involves using contexts. Contexts provide a mechanism for communication and cancellation between goroutines. Here's how you can implement this in Go:

package main

import (
    "context"
    "sync"
)

func main() {
    // Create a context and a function to cancel it
    ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())

    // Initialize a wait group to track goroutine completion
    wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
    wg.Add(3) // Add 3 goroutines to the wait group

    // Launch three goroutines
    // Each goroutine listens for the context to be done
    go func() {
        defer wg.Done()
        for {
            select {
            case <-ctx.Done():
                // Context is canceled, end this goroutine
            }
        }
    }()

    go func() {
        defer wg.Done()
        for {
            select {
            case <-ctx.Done():
                // Context is canceled, end this goroutine
            }
        }
    }()

    go func() {
        defer wg.Done()
        // Perform operations.
        // When operations are complete, call cancel to end all goroutines
        cancel()
    }()

    // Wait for all goroutines to finish
    wg.Wait()
}

In this example, when the third goroutine completes its operations, it cancels the context. This propagates the cancellation to the other goroutines, causing them to terminate as well. By using contexts, we eliminate the potential for panic and ensure that all goroutines coordinate their termination effectively.

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