How Can I Avoid Errors When Nesting Ternary Operators in PHP?

Nested Ternary Operators in PHP: Pitfalls and Solutions

In PHP, ternary operators provide a concise and elegant way to conditionally assign values. While they can be a powerful tool, it's essential to use them correctly to avoid unexpected results.

One common issue arises when nesting multiple ternary operators, as demonstrated in the following code:

$province = 7;
$Myprovince = (
($province == 6) ? "city-1" :
($province == 7) ? "city-2" :
($province == 8) ? "city-3" :
($province == 30) ? "city-4" : "out of borders"
);

Upon execution, this code incorrectly assigns "city-4" to $Myprovince regardless of the value of $province. The problem lies in the nesting of ternary operators without proper grouping.

To solve this issue, it's necessary to use parentheses to ensure that the ternary operators are evaluated in the correct order. The corrected code below:

$province = 7;
$Myprovince = (
  ($province == 6) ? "city-1" :
  (($province == 7) ? "city-2" :
   (($province == 8) ? "city-3" :
    (($province == 30) ? "city-4" : "out of borders")))
);

With this modification, the ternary operators are properly nested, and the code correctly assigns "city-2" to $Myprovince because $province is equal to 7.

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