What Characters Are Valid in PDO Placeholders?
Dec 17, 2024 am 09:08 AMPDO Placeholders: Valid Characters
When working with PHP and PDO, the characters that can be used in placeholders are crucial for the proper execution of prepared statements. While the PDO documentation provides limited information on this aspect, it's essential to understand the restrictions to avoid errors.
While placeholder names can be named with letters, numbers, and underscores, certain characters like hyphens are not allowed. As demonstrated in the example below, using a hyphen in the placeholder name ':colour' can cause the query to fail:
$sth = $dbh->prepare('SELECT name, colour, calories FROM fruit WHERE calories < :calories AND colour = :colour');
To ascertain the valid characters, we can examine the source code:
BINDCHR = [:][a-zA-Z0-9_]+;
This regex reveals that placeholder names must adhere to the following rules:
- They can optionally start with a colon (':')
- They must consist of letters, numbers, or underscores
- Hyphens are not permitted
Therefore, when dynamically generating placeholder names, it's crucial to adhere to these restrictions to ensure the proper execution of prepared statements.
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