How Does Spring's `spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto` Property Control Database Schema Management?

How Does Spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-Auto Property Function in Spring?

The Spring Boot application's connection to a remote database can fail intermittently, particularly during script migration with FlyWay. To resolve this issue, it is recommended to specify the spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto property.

To understand its functionality, it is necessary to know that spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto maps to Hibernate's hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto property. This property determines how the Hibernate schema tool manages the database schema upon application startup.

The available values and their effects are as follows:

• create: Creates the schema based on the object model without touching any existing schema.
• create-drop: Creates the schema, and drops it upon application shutdown.
• validate: Validates the schema by comparing it to the object model, but does not make any changes.
• update: Modifies the schema to match the object model by adding new columns and constraints, but not removing existing ones.

In development environments, create-drop is useful for testing as it allows for quick schema creation and deletion. However, it should not be used in production as it can lead to data loss.

In production environments, none is preferred. This option instructs Hibernate not to make any automatic schema changes. Instead, database schema changes should be managed through controlled migration scripts. This allows DBAs to review and approve changes before they are implemented.

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