What is the Difference Between 'Connect Timeout' and 'CommandTimeout' in SQL Server Connection Strings?

Understanding "Connect Timeout" in SQL Server Connection Strings

One may encounter a connection string parameter "Connect Timeout" in a SQL Server connection string. Its purpose and use can be confusing.

What is "Connect Timeout"?

The "Connect Timeout" parameter specifies the maximum time in seconds that the connection attempt to the SQL Server database should take before failing. It establishes a connection establishment timeout, as opposed to a command execution timeout.

Example Usage

Consider the following snippet:

In this example, the "Connect Timeout" is set to 30 seconds. If the connection attempt exceeds this time, the connection will fail with a timeout error.

Important Distinction

Note that the "Connect Timeout" is different from command execution timeouts. Commands executed over the established connection have a separate "CommandTimeout" property that can be set.

Setting Command Timeouts

The "CommandTimeout" property can be set for each command using the SqlCommand object. This property determines the maximum time (in seconds) that each command can execute before timing out.

Limitation

It's essential to remember that the "Connect Timeout" cannot be set through the connection string. Instead, the SqlCommand's "CommandTimeout" property should be used to establish command execution timeouts.

Conclusion

Understanding the distinction between "Connect Timeout" and "CommandTimeout" is crucial for effective database connectivity and error handling in SQL Server applications. By correctly setting these timeouts, one can prevent connection establishment failures and limit the potential for long-running commands to block or deadlock the database.

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