How to Deploy a JavaFX 11 Desktop Application with a JRE Using Modern Modular Packaging?

Deploying a JavaFX 11 Desktop Application with a JRE

Modern Java Module-Based Packaging

Oracle's discontinuation of Java Web Start has necessitated developers to adopt new deployment mechanisms for JavaFX applications. Deploying JavaFX 11 applications involves bundling them with a JRE, following a modular approach.

Creating a Module Descriptor

The first step is to convert your application into a module by creating a module-info.java file with a unique module name.

module com.mcs75.businessapp {
    exports com.mcs75.desktop.businessapp;
    requires java.logging;
    requires transitive javafx.graphics;
    requires transitive javafx.controls;
}

Compiling, Packaging, and JMod Creation

Build using a module path instead of a classpath. Create a modular jar using the jar command. Then, create a jmod using the JDK's jmod tool.

javac -Xlint -g -d build/classes --module-path /opt/gluon-javafx/lib \
    src/java/com/mcs75/desktop/businessapp/*.java

jar -c -f build/mybusinessapp.jar -C build/classes .

jmod create --class-path build/mybusinessapp.jar \
    --main-class com.mcs75.desktop.businessapp.BusinessApplication \
    build/modules/mybusinessapp.jmod

Linking the Image

Finalize the deployment by assembling the modules and a minimal JRE using the jlink command.

jlink --output build/image \
    --module-path build/modules:/opt/gluon-javafx/lib \
    --add-modules com.mcs75.businessapp \
    --launcher MyBusinessApp=com.mcs75.businessapp

Distributing the Application

Package and distribute the entire image file tree as a zip or tar.gz. The executable script for users to run is located in the image's bin directory.

Cross-Platform Deployment

To create images for other platforms, specify the target platform in the jmod command using the --target-platform option and explicitly include the appropriate JDK's jmods directory.

This approach provides a modern and efficient way to deploy JavaFX 11 desktop applications with a JRE, without relying on discontinued technologies like Web Start.

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