How Can I Dynamically Import a Python Module from a Specific File Path?

Dynamically Importing a Module from a Specified Path

In Python, importing a module is usually achieved by specifying its name. However, what if you need to import a module from a specific file, regardless of its location in the filesystem?

Solution:

To dynamically import a module based on its full path, you can utilize any of the following techniques:

Python 3.5 (Recommended):

import importlib.util
import sys

spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("module.name", "/path/to/file.py")
foo = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
sys.modules["module.name"] = foo
spec.loader.exec_module(foo)
foo.MyClass()  # Access a class within the module

Python 3.3 and 3.4:

from importlib.machinery import SourceFileLoader

foo = SourceFileLoader("module.name", "/path/to/file.py").load_module()
foo.MyClass()  # Access a class within the module

Python 2:

import imp

foo = imp.load_source('module.name', '/path/to/file.py')
foo.MyClass()  # Access a class within the module

Note that these methods offer convenient options for importing compiled Python files and DLLs as well.

Additional Note:

It's worth mentioning that this approach is particularly useful when working with dynamically generated modules or modules that are not installed in any of the standard Python paths.

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