How Can I Convert Milliseconds to a Human-Readable Time Format in Java?

Converting Milliseconds to Human-Readable Time in Java

Accurately measuring elapsed time is crucial in many programming scenarios. The System.currentTimeMillis() method provides a millisecond-based timestamp that corresponds to the current time. However, presenting this timestamp in a format that humans can easily understand requires conversion. This article explores the best methods for converting milliseconds to a human-readable format like "XX mins, XX seconds."

Java's TimeUnit Class

The java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit class offers a convenient way to convert milliseconds to human-readable time units. It provides static methods like toMinutes and toSeconds that perform the necessary calculations. To use this approach, you can write the following code:

String.format("%d min, %d sec", 
    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toMinutes(millis),
    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toSeconds(millis) - 
    TimeUnit.MINUTES.toSeconds(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toMinutes(millis))
);

Adding Leading Zeros for Single-Digit Values

If you want to ensure that single-digit values are displayed with leading zeros (e.g., "09 mins" instead of "9 mins"), simply use the following code:

String.format("%02d min, %02d sec", 
    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toMinutes(millis),
    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toSeconds(millis) - 
    TimeUnit.MINUTES.toSeconds(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toMinutes(millis))
);

Custom Calculations without TimeUnit

If TimeUnit is unavailable (e.g., on older Android versions), you can perform the milliseconds-to-time conversion manually using the following equations:

int seconds = (int) (milliseconds / 1000) % 60 ;
int minutes = (int) ((milliseconds / (1000*60)) % 60);
int hours   = (int) ((milliseconds / (1000*60*60)) % 24);

You can then combine these values to create the desired time format.

Conclusion

By leveraging the java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit class or custom calculations, you can easily convert milliseconds to a human-readable format in Java. This allows you to display elapsed time in a manner that is both accurate and easy to understand.

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