EncodeURI, encodeURIComponent, or escape(): Which Encoding Method Should I Use?

When to Use Escape Instead of encodeURI / encodeURIComponent

When transmitting a query string to a web server through encoding, selecting the appropriate encoding method between escape(), encodeURI(), and encodeURIComponent() is critical.

Avoidance of escape()

It's strongly recommended to avoid using escape(). Annex B of the ECMAScript specification explicitly advises against its use due to potential security vulnerabilities.

encodeURI() Usage

encodeURI() should be used for constructing fully functional URLs. It properly handles spaces and other characters without breaking the URL structure. For example, encoding "http://www.example.org/a file with spaces.html" using encodeURI() would produce "http://www.example.org/a file with spaces.html."

encodeURIComponent() Usage

encodeURIComponent() is suitable for encoding the values of URL parameters. It safely escapes characters that could interfere with parameter parsing. For instance, encoding "http://example.org/?a=12&b=55" with encodeURIComponent() would result in "http://example.org/�a=12&b=55."

Key Differences

• escape(): Encodes all non-reserved characters, including spaces.
• encodeURI(): Encodes specific characters that can break URI syntax.
• encodeURIComponent(): Encodes more characters than encodeURI(), specifically those that may interfere with parameter parsing.

Example Implementation

const url = "http://example.net/?param1=" + encodeURIComponent("http://example.org/?a=12&b=55") + "&param2=99";

This example properly encodes the parameter value while preserving the integrity of the overall URL.

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