How Do I Run Java Programs from the Windows Command Line?

Running Java Programs on Windows Command Line

When attempting to execute Java programs from the command line in Windows, beginners may encounter uncertainties. To clarify this process, let's utilize an example code that copies a file.

Code:

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;

public class CopyFile {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Stream initializations and file copying operations...
    }
}

Execution Steps:

1. Set Environment Variable:
   Execute the following command to set the path to the Java bin directory:

   set path=%path%;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk<version>\bin

2. Compile the Program:
   Navigate to the directory containing the CopyFile.java file and compile it using:

   javac CopyFile.java

3. Run the Program:
   To execute the program, use the command:

   java CopyFile

Explanation:

• Command Prompt: The cd command is used to navigate to the directory containing the Java code.
• Environment Variable: The set path command ensures that the system knows where to find the Java compiler and interpreter.
• Compilation: javac compiles the Java code into a .class file.
• Execution: java executes the .class file, running the Java program.

Possible Differences in Execution:

While the concept of "Write Once, Run Anywhere" implies that Java programs should run uniformly across platforms, certain operating system-specific requirements may arise. For instance, Windows users may need to configure environment variables specifically for Java execution, which may not be necessary in other environments.

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