CSS :has() Pseudo-Class: A Powerful Selector for Dynamic Styling

CSS is continuously evolving to enable developers to build dynamic, intuitive, and visually appealing web pages with ease. One such enhancement is the :has() pseudo-class, introduced in modern CSS. This pseudo-class brings a parent-aware selection capability, allowing you to apply styles conditionally based on the presence or state of child or sibling elements.

This article explains the :has() pseudo-class with an example to demonstrate its flexibility and power.

What is the :has() Pseudo-Class?

The :has() pseudo-class is often referred to as a "parent selector" because it allows you to style an element based on its children, siblings, or descendants.

• selector is the main element to which the rule applies.
• selectorList is the condition, which can include children, siblings, or other elements related to the main element.

Key Features

• Parent-awareness: Styles are applied to an element based on its descendants or siblings.
• Flexible conditions: Works with combinators like , ~, and > for sibling and child relationships.
• Improved interactivity: Useful for creating dynamic layouts or effects without relying on JavaScript.

Practical Example: Using :has() to Style a Box Based on Its Sibling

2. Dynamic Navigation Menus

Apply styles to a parent

if it contains a dropdown menu.

3. Form Validation

Highlight invalid input fields based on sibling or parent elements.

4. Custom Sibling Relationships

Style an element based on its adjacent sibling.

Advantages of :has()

1. Improves Readability:

   • Reduces the need for complex JavaScript to detect and manipulate the DOM.

2. Boosts Performance:

   • Lightweight and efficient compared to JavaScript solutions for similar effects.

3. Simplifies CSS:

   • Enables declarative styling for complex relationships, minimizing extra classes or attributes.

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Browser Support

As of now, the :has() pseudo-class is supported by most modern browsers, including:

• Chrome: 105
• Edge: 105
• Safari: 15.4
• Firefox: Support is under consideration.

For older browsers, you may need a fallback or polyfill.

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Conclusion

The :has() pseudo-class is a game-changer in modern CSS, bringing the long-awaited parent selector capability. With its ability to conditionally style elements based on their relationships, it simplifies CSS code, enhances dynamic styling, and reduces reliance on JavaScript for DOM manipulation.

Explore the :has() pseudo-class in your projects and unlock new possibilities for creative and efficient web designs!

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