How Do I Use Decorators with Parameters in Python?

Decorators with Parameters: A Different Syntax

Decorators provide a powerful mechanism to extend the functionality of functions in Python. However, decorators with parameters require a slightly different syntax from traditional decorators.

The syntax for decorators with arguments involves a two-layered function structure:

1. Decorator Factory: The first layer, called the decorator factory, takes a parameter and returns the actual decorator function.
2. Decorator Function: The inner layer, or decorator function, takes the target function and wraps it with additional functionality.

To illustrate this, let's consider an example:

def execute_complete_reservation(test_case, insurance_mode):
    def inner_function(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # Additional functionality
        if insurance_mode:
            # Perform insurance actions
        else:
            # Perform non-insurance actions

        # Execute the target function
        test_case(self, *args, **kwargs)
    return inner_function

In this example, execute_complete_reservation is the decorator factory that returns the decorator function inner_function. The decorator function takes the target function test_case and wraps it with additional functionality related to insurance handling.

To apply this decorator, we would use a syntax similar to:

@execute_complete_reservation(True)
def test_booking_gta_object(self):
    # Booking functionality

This syntax passes the True value to the decorator factory, which then creates the decorator function that intercepts and enhances the functionality of test_booking_gta_object.

By understanding the syntax and mechanism behind decorators with parameters, developers can effectively extend the capabilities of Python functions and build more robust and flexible code.

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