How Can I Ensure Data Integrity with PHP and MySQL Transactions?

Examples of PHP with MySQL Transactions

Transactions in PHP and MySQL provide a way to ensure that a series of database operations are executed as a single atomic unit. This means that either all operations in the transaction are committed to the database, or none are.

Example

To use transactions in PHP, you can use the following code snippet:

$db->beginTransaction();

$a1 = $db->query("INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (value1)");
$a2 = $db->query("INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (value2)");

if ($a1 and $a2) {
    $db->commit();
} else {
    $db->rollback();
}

In this example, we first start a transaction using $db->beginTransaction(). Then, we execute two queries $a1 and $a2, and check if both queries are successful. If both queries are successful, we commit() the transaction, making the changes permanent in the database. Otherwise, we rollback() the transaction, discarding any changes made during the transaction.

Alternative Approach Using Try-Catch

Another approach to handling transactions is to use a try-catch block:

try {
    $db->beginTransaction();

    $a1 = $db->query("INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (value1)");
    $a2 = $db->query("INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (value2)");

    $db->commit();
} catch (\Throwable $e) {
    $db->rollback();
    throw $e;
}

In this approach, we start the transaction in a try block. If all queries are successful, we commit the transaction. If any of the queries fail, we roll back the transaction using $db->rollback() and re-throw the exception for handling.

Automatic Transactions

PHP does not provide a way to automatically handle transactions for all queries. You must explicitly specify which queries should be included in a transaction using the beginTransaction() and commit() or rollback() methods.

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