How Can I Profile My Python Script to Find Performance Bottlenecks?

Profiling Python Scripts with cProfile

Question:

Optimizing Python code can be challenging. How can you profile the execution time of a Python script to identify bottlenecks?

Answer:

Python comes equipped with a powerful profiler called cProfile. It provides a comprehensive view of execution times, including:

• Total running time
• Time spent in each function
• Frequency of function calls

Using cProfile:

cProfile can be invoked in several ways:

• From within your code:

import cProfile
cProfile.run('foo()')

• From the interpreter:

python -m cProfile myscript.py

• While running a module:

python -m cProfile -m mymodule

Custom Batch File:

To simplify the process, you can create a batch file named 'profile.bat':

python -m cProfile %1

Then, simply execute your script with the file (replace euler048.py with your script):

profile euler048.py

Output:

cProfile generates a detailed output with information such as:

• Total function calls
• CPU time
• Cumulative time
• Filename and line number of each function

Additional Resources:

• [Python Profiling Tutorial at PyCon 2013](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2mcVypDt50A)

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