How to Correctly Set UTF-8 Character Encoding in PHP HTTP Headers for W3C Validation?

How to Set HTTP Header to UTF-8 in PHP for W3C Validation

Emulating the validation error reported by the W3C validator, several PHP pages output HTML content using the standard HTML meta tag:

<meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />

However, the validator flags a discrepancy between the character encoding specified in the HTTP header and the HTML element. The HTTP header is assumed to be in ISO-8859-1, while the HTML content is in UTF-8.

To resolve this issue, PHP provides the header() function to modify the HTTP header. By setting the Content-Type parameter to "text/html; charset=utf-8", you can override the default header:

header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8');

It's crucial to call this function before any output is sent to the client. If output has already been sent, the header can no longer be modified. You can use the headers_sent function to check if headers have been sent. Refer to the PHP manual for more information on the header function.

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