How to Fix the PHP SSL Certificate Error: 'unable to get local issuer certificate'?

PHP SSL Certificate Error: Unable to Retrieve Local Issuer Certificate

When working with PHP on Windows systems, you may encounter the following error: "SSL certificate problem: unable to get local issuer certificate." This issue arises from difficulties in retrieving the certificate bundle needed for successful SSL connections.

To resolve this error, follow these comprehensive steps:

1. Acquire the Certificate Bundle: Download the certificate bundle from a reliable source, such as http://curl.haxx.se/docs/caextract.html, and save it to an accessible location on your system (e.g., "C:wampcacert.pem").
2. Enable Necessary Modules: Ensure both the "mod_ssl" in Apache and "php_openssl.dll" in the php.ini file are enabled. Remember to do this for all relevant php.ini files.
3. Update php.ini Settings: Append the following lines to both php.ini files:

curl.cainfo="C:/wamp/cacert.pem"
openssl.cafile="C:/wamp/cacert.pem"

4. Restart Services: Restart the web services (e.g., Apache and MySQL) to implement the changes.

After implementing these steps, the SSL certificate error should be resolved, allowing you to establish secure connections.

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