How to Serve a Homepage and Static Files from the Root Directory in Go?

Serving Homepage and Static Content from Root

In Go, serving static content from the root directory while maintaining a root handler for the homepage can be achieved using the following steps:

Handle Root Directory Files Explicitly

Create a function, such as serveSingle, to serve individual files located in the root directory. This approach is suitable for files like sitemap.xml, favicon.ico, and robots.txt that are typically expected to be present in the root:

func serveSingle(pattern string, filename string) {
    http.HandleFunc(pattern, func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        http.ServeFile(w, r, filename)
    })
}

Register File Handlers

Register the serveSingle function to handle requests for specific files in the root directory:

serveSingle("/sitemap.xml", "./sitemap.xml")
serveSingle("/favicon.ico", "./favicon.ico")
serveSingle("/robots.txt", "./robots.txt")

Serve Static Content from a Subdirectory

Use http.FileServer to serve static content from a subdirectory, such as "/static/":

http.Handle("/static", http.FileServer(http.Dir("./static/")))

Register Homepage Handler

Register the root handler, such as HomeHandler, to handle requests for the homepage at "/":

http.HandleFunc("/", HomeHandler)

Example Code

Combining these techniques results in the following code:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
)

func HomeHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    fmt.Fprintf(w, "HomeHandler")
}

func serveSingle(pattern string, filename string) {
    http.HandleFunc(pattern, func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        http.ServeFile(w, r, filename)
    })
}

func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/", HomeHandler) // homepage

    serveSingle("/sitemap.xml", "./sitemap.xml")
    serveSingle("/favicon.ico", "./favicon.ico")
    serveSingle("/robots.txt", "./robots.txt")

    http.Handle("/static", http.FileServer(http.Dir("./static/")))

    http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
}

By explicitly handling root directory files while serving static content from a separate subdirectory, you can maintain both homepage handling and static content serving with a behavior similar to web servers like Apache and Nginx.

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