Why Am I Getting the 'SQLSTATE[HY093]: Invalid parameter number' Error in Yii's DAO?

Error: "SQLSTATE[HY093]: Invalid parameter number: parameter was not defined" in Yii's DAO

Using Yii's Data Access Object (DAO) for isolated database access can sometimes lead to cryptic errors. One common issue encountered is "SQLSTATE[HY093]: Invalid parameter number: parameter was not defined." This error often arises when using bindValue() incorrectly.

Cause 1: Mismatched Parameter Names

In the code provided, the placeholder :username is used in the SQL statement, but :alias is bound. Since the parameter names should match exactly, Yii struggles to match :username in the SQL and thus throws the error.

Cause 2: Missing bindValue()

Another cause is omitting bindValue() for specific parameters. In this case, ensure that every parameter mentioned in the SQL query has a corresponding bindValue().

Cause 3: Invalid Placeholder Names

Occasionally, using invalid characters in placeholder names can cause this error. Make sure the placeholder names comply with the rules defined by your database.

Cause 4: Complex Queries

When using complex queries with pagination or sorting in CDataProviders, parameter conflicts can arise. Double-check the query structure and ensure there are no missing or duplicated parameters.

Troubleshooting

To troubleshoot this error effectively, enabling parameter logging in the config file is recommended:

return [
    'db' => [
        ...
        'enableParamLogging' => true,
        ...
    ],
    ...
];

This will display the executed query and bound parameters in the log, aiding in identifying mismatches or missing bindValue() calls.

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