What is Jakarta EE and How Does it Differ from EJB and Spring?

Understanding Java EE: A Comprehensive Explanation of Jakarta EE

Java EE, now known as Jakarta EE, is a comprehensive platform that empowers developers to create robust enterprise-level Java applications. While Java SE (Standard Edition) focuses on core Java functionality, Jakarta EE extends it with an extensive set of APIs and specifications tailored for enterprise development.

Jakarta EE as a Specification

Jakarta EE is solely a specification, outlining the functionality and interfaces that conforming implementations must adhere to. It is not a specific implementation itself, leaving it open for various vendors to develop and provide their own concrete implementations called application servers. Examples include WildFly, TomEE, and GlassFish.

EJB and Jakarta EE

Enterprise JavaBeans (EJBs) are a core part of Jakarta EE. They provide a component-based architecture for developing scalable and distributed business logic. While EJBs are a vital aspect of Jakarta EE, they are not synonymous with the platform itself. Jakarta EE encompasses a broader range of functionality, including servlets, JSPs, JPA, and CDI, among others.

Differentiating EJB and Spring

EJB and Spring are distinct entities. EJB is an integral part of Jakarta EE, providing a standardized way to develop and deploy enterprise components within a Jakarta EE application server. On the other hand, Spring is an open-source framework that offers a comprehensive set of tools and libraries for developing enterprise applications. While both EJB and Spring address aspects of enterprise development, they serve different purposes.

Spring provides a lightweight and flexible alternative to some Jakarta EE functionalities. It is particularly useful when deploying applications on bare-bones servlet containers or when needing specific features beyond Jakarta EE's scope. However, for full-fledged enterprise deployments requiring features like transaction management, dependency injection, and security, Jakarta EE remains the preferred choice, with EJBs playing a central role.

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