Where Does Go's `net/http` Web Server Map the Website Root to the Filesystem?

Understanding the Filesystem Root in Go's Web Server

When utilizing Go's net/http package for web server functionality, a key question arises: where does the root of the website map onto the filesystem?

Unlike some static fileservers, the net/http package employs handlers to manage HTTP requests. A handler processes requests and generates responses, without a designated "root" directory.

However, for static file serving, the FileServer() function provides a solution. By specifying an absolute path, the root directory is explicitly established. If a relative path is used, it refers to the current working directory (usually where the application is executed).

For example, consider the following configuration:

http.Handle("/", http.FileServer(http.Dir("/tmp")))

This maps the URL root "/" to the "/tmp" directory on the filesystem. Consequently, a request for "/mydoc.txt" would retrieve the "/tmp/mydoc.txt" file.

More granular customization can be achieved using the StripPrefix() function. For instance, to serve "/tmp" under the URL "/tmpfiles/", the following configuration would suffice:

http.Handle("/tmpfiles/", http.StripPrefix("/tmpfiles/", http.FileServer(http.Dir("/tmp"))))

By leveraging handlers and understanding the root directory mapping within the FileServer(), developers can effectively serve static files using Go's web server framework.

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