SQL Syntax Error: How to Correct `from` and `to` Column Names in PDO Queries?

SQL Syntax Error: Correcting From and To Keywords Using Backticks

When working with SQL queries using PDO, it's crucial to ensure that column names do not conflict with reserved keywords. In your case, you've encountered the error "SQLSTATE[42000]: Syntax error or access violation" because you're using 'from' and 'to' as column names, which are reserved keywords in SQL.

To resolve this issue, enclose 'from' and 'to' in backticks ( ) when referring to them as column names. Backticks are used in MySQL to quote column names and prevent them from being interpreted as keywords.

Your modified query should look as follows:

INSERT INTO messages (`from`, `to`, name, subject, message) VALUES (:from, :to, :name, :subject, :message)

Additionally, you'll need to rename the 'from' and 'to' keys in your $vals array to reflect the updated column names:

$vals = array(
   ':from'    => $email,
   ':to'      => $recipient,
   ':name'    => $name,
   ':subject' => $subject,
   ':message' = >$message
);

By making these adjustments, you'll successfully execute your SQL query without encountering the syntax error.

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