Why Am I Getting the 'SQLSTATE[HY093]: Invalid parameter number: parameter was not defined' Error in My SQL Queries?

Understanding "SQLSTATE[HY093]: Invalid parameter number: parameter was not defined" Error

When encountering the cryptic error "SQLSTATE[HY093]: Invalid parameter number: parameter was not defined," several potential causes should be considered.

Invalid Parameter Name Binding

As observed in the example provided, this error often occurs due to a mismatch between the parameter name in the SQL statement (SELECT ... WHERE :alias = ...) and the parameter binding (bindValue(':username', ...)). In this case, the correct parameter name should be :alias, not :username.

Missing BindValue

Ensure that a bind value (bindValue) has been explicitly defined for each parameter in the SQL statement. Failure to bind values can lead to this error.

Invalid Placeholder Character

In rare cases, invalid characters in parameter placeholders can cause this error. Check the syntax of the parameter names to ensure they follow valid conventions.

CDataProvider Pagination or Sorting Conflicts

When using pagination or sorting within CDataProviders, conflicts with parameter binding may occasionally occur. Troubleshooting these issues requires careful examination of the query and the underlying syntax.

Troubleshooting Tips

• Enable parameter logging in the configuration file ('enableParamLogging' => true) to capture the executed query and parameter bindings for debugging.
• Review the query carefully, looking for any potential syntax errors, especially in parameter names and values.
• Check for missing bind values or incorrect parameter names in the binding statements.
• If possible, simplify the query to isolate the root cause of the error.

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