What Does the `^` Operator Do in Java, and How Can I Efficiently Convert Strings to Integers?

What Does the ^ Operator Do in Java?

Bitwise and Logical XOR

In Java, the ^ operator represents the exclusive-or (XOR) bitwise or logical operation. It returns a 1 if only one of its operands is 1 and a 0 if both operands are the same.

<br>Operand1  Operand2  Result<br>0         0         0<br>0         1         1<br>1         0         1<br>1         1         0<br>

Exponentiation in Java

While the ^ operator is not meant for exponentiation, you can use it to compute some powers of 2 using bit shifting.

long twoToK = 1L << k; // k = 0...63

Horner's Scheme

However, for your specific task of converting a string representation of a number ("8675309") to an integer, you can employ Horner's scheme. This efficient method involves multiplying the result by 10 and adding the next digit:

result = 8*10^6 + 6*10^5 + 7*10^4 + 5*10^3 + 3*10^2 + 0*10^1 + 9*10^0
= (((((8*10 + 6)*10 + 7)*10 + 5)*10 + 3)*10 + 0)*10 + 9

This approach avoids the need for exponentiation and provides an efficient method for converting strings to integers.

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