How Can I Properly Configure UTF-8 Encoding in My Java Web Application?

Decoding UTF-8 in Java Web Applications

To enable UTF-8 support in Java web applications, it's essential to follow a series of steps:

Tomcat Configuration

Configure Tomcat's server.xml file with URIEncoding="UTF-8" within the connector to ensure that GET request parameters are decoded using UTF-8.

CharsetFilter

Create a character set filter that enforces UTF-8 encoding for both incoming requests and outgoing responses. Add it to the web.xml deployment descriptor.

JSP Page Encoding

Specify the encoding as "UTF-8" in the JSP page configuration within web.xml or explicitly within the JSP pages themselves.

HTML Meta Tags

Include the content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" meta tag in the section of all HTML pages to inform browsers of the encoding.

JDBC Connection

Set the connection properties in context.xml or other configuration files to utilize UTF-8 encoding. Specify ?useEncoding=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8 in the JDBC URL.

MySQL Database Configuration

Create the database and tables using the utf8 character set and collation, ensuring that the server is also configured to default to UTF-8.

MySQL Procedures and Functions

Define the character set as utf8 within CREATE FUNCTION and CREATE PROCEDURE statements to ensure UTF-8 handling for stored procedures.

Handling GET Requests

Be aware of discrepancies between latin1 and UTF-8 encoding for GET request parameters. Browsers encode ASCII characters consistently in both encoding schemes, but extended characters may need to be explicitly handled.

Additional Resources

• Maintaining UTF-8 in Java HTTP Requests and Responses: https://java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/Intl/HTTPCharset/
• UTF-8 encoding for MySQL and Tomcat: http://cagan327.blogspot.com/2006/05/utf-8-encoding-fix-for-mysql-tomcat.html
• UTF-8 character reference table: http://www.utf8-chartable.de/

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